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・ Nephele hespera
・ Nephele joiceyi
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Nepenthes northiana
・ Nepenthes of Borneo
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・ Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia
・ Nepenthes ovata
・ Nepenthes palawanensis
・ Nepenthes paniculata
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・ Nepenthes peltata
・ Nepenthes pervillei
・ Nepenthes petiolata
・ Nepenthes philippinensis
・ Nepenthes phyllamphora (disambiguation)
・ Nepenthes pilosa


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Nepenthes northiana : ウィキペディア英語版
Nepenthes northiana

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''Nepenthes northiana'' , or Miss North's Pitcher-Plant,〔Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. ''Pitcher-Plants of Borneo''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.〕 is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo, where it grows at elevations ranging from 0 to 500 m above sea level. The specific epithet ''northiana'' honours Marianne North, who first illustrated the species. ''Nepenthes northiana'' is one of the most famous ''Nepenthes'', and its discovery in the latter half of the 19th century contributed to Sarawak's reputation as a land of spectacular exotic plants.〔Clarke, C.M. & C.C. Lee 2004. ''Pitcher Plants of Sarawak''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.〕
==Botanical history==
''Nepenthes northiana'' was first brought to the attention of the scientific community by Marianne North, who painted plants brought to her from the Bau area of Sarawak, Borneo. Harry Veitch, owner of James Veitch & Sons, recognised these as belonging to an as yet undescribed species and sent Charles Curtis to locate a sample and send seeds to the United Kingdom. The species was subsequently named after Marianne North in 1881 by Joseph Dalton Hooker.〔 The type specimen, ''M.North s.n.'', was collected near Jambusan in Sarawak in 1876. It is deposited at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〔
In her autobiography ''Recollections of a Happy Life'', the first edition of which bears a gilt outline of ''N. northiana'' on its cover, North wrote the following account of the species's discovery:〔North, M. 1892. ''Recollections of a Happy Life''. Macmillan, London.〕
"Mr E. () went up a mountain near and brought me down some grand trailing specimens of the largest of all pitcher-plants, which I festooned round the balcony by its yards of trailing stems. I painted a portrait of the largest, and my picture afterwards induced Mr Veitch to send a traveller to seek the seeds, from which he raised plants and Sir Joseph Hooker named the species ''Nepenthes northiana''. These pitchers are often over a foot long, and richly covered with crimson blotches."

The type description, published in ''The Gardeners' Chronicle'', further elaborated on the discovery:〔〔
"The specimen from which Miss North's drawing was made was procured by Mr. Herbert Everett of the Borneo Company, who "traversed pathless forests amid snakes and leeches to find and bring it down to the artist." "Only those," writes Miss North, "who have been in such places can understand the difficulties of progress there. The specimens grew on the branches of a tree about 1000 feet above the sea on the limestone mountains of Sarawak. When I received them I tied them in festoons all round the verandah, and grumbled at having only one small half-sheet of paper left to paint them on.""

North's painting of ''N. northiana'' is now on display at the Marianne North Gallery at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〔
In the decades following its discovery, ''N. northiana'' was featured in a number of botanical publications. In an 1882 issue of ''The Gardeners' Chronicle'', Frederick William Burbidge proposed that the taxon represented a natural hybrid between ''N. sanguinea'' and ''N. veitchii'':〔Burbidge, F.W. 1882. (Notes on the new ''Nepenthes''. ) ''The Gardeners' Chronicle'', new series, 17(420): 56.〕

"Your figure of Nepenthes Northiana was very good. Miss North's drawing, however, has, if I recollect right, a ground-tint of bright reddish-crimson on which darker blotches are laid. It is a fine thing, and, as I firmly believe, a natural hybrid between N. sanguinea × N. Veitchii. The oblique mouth of the urns would suggest N. Rajah as one of the parents, but then his highness only holds court, so far as we know at present, on Kina Balu, 250 miles further north, and never at a less altitude than 4500 feet, rising to near 10,000 feet.
In earlier times he may have been an inhabitant of the plains—at any rate no one can place the pitchers of N. Northiana, N. Veitchii, and N. sanguinea side by side without being struck by their affinity. Again, a glance at your engraving of N. Northiana reminds one of a long-urned form of N. Rajah in obliquity of mouth and its wavy-margined frill. The ''cauline'' pitchers of N. Rajah have never yet been figured. I was with Mr. Harry Veitch when Miss North first showed him the picture of N. Northiana, and it was a revelation to us both. I had the latitude and longitude of its habitat in my portfolio when I left Chelsea for Borneo, but unfortunately never had the chance of seeing Sarawak ; my lot was the wild north-west coast, among the pirate chiefs, and very good genial fellows I found them !"

Subsequent authors realised that Burbidge's hybrid hypothesis was erroneous when it became apparent that ''N. sanguinea'' is altogether absent from Borneo.〔 In 1884, Eduard August von Regel published a short article on ''N. northiana'' in the journal ''Gartenflora''.〔Regel, E.A.v. 1884. ''Nepenthes Northiana'', Hook. f.. ''Gartenflora'' 33: 51–52.〕 Günther Beck von Mannagetta und Lerchenau described ''N. spuria'' in his 1895 monograph, "Die Gattung ''Nepenthes''".〔 This taxon is a ''nomen illegitimum'' and is now considered synonymous with ''N. northiana''.〔Schlauer, J. N.d. (''Nepenthes northiana'' ). Carnivorous Plant Database.〕 In his ''Handleiding tot de kennis der flora van Nederlandsch Indië'' of 1900, Jacob Gijsbert Boerlage mentioned a certain ''N. nordtiana''.〔Boerlage, J.G. 1900. ''Nepenthes''. In: ''Handleiding tot de kennis der flora van Nederlandsch Indië'', Volume 3, Part 1. pp. 53–54.〕 This name is considered a ''sphalma typographicum'' (misprint) of ''N. northiana''.〔
The next major taxonomic treatment of the species came in 1908, when John Muirhead Macfarlane revised the genus in his monograph, "Nepenthaceae", and provided an emended description of ''N. northiana''.〔Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. ''Das Pflanzenreich IV'', III, Heft 36: 1–91.〕
A year later, R. Jarry-Desloges described the variety ''Nepenthes northiana'' var. ''pulchra''.〔〔Desloges, J. 1909. ''Journal de la Societe Imperiale et Centrale d'Horticulture de France'', Série IV, 10: 595.〕 It was distinguished by its vibrant colouration, having purplish red pitchers with a more striking red and yellow striped peristome. By comparison, the standard variety was said to have mostly yellowish pitchers with brown or red blotches.〔 Jarry-Desloges, R. 1903. (Variétés nouvelles ou rares de ''Nepenthes'' ). ''Le Jardin'' 17: 72. 〕 ''Nepenthes northiana'' var. ''pulchra'' is not considered taxonomically valid today.〔

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